1Cr13不锈钢冲压件表面裂纹原因分析

摘要

The causes of cracks on 1Cr13 stainless steel stamping parts were analyzed by chemical composition analysis,microscopic morphology observation,energy spectrum analysis,X-ray diffraction technology and hardness test.The results showed that some obviously-directional banded ferrite structures and carbides densely distributed at the grain boundaries were found.It may be considered from the experimental analysis that the main cause leading to the cracks on stamping parts is segregation during the solidification process in the center of part.The banded ferrite structures were formed in the areas depleted in carbon and alloying elements,and carbide particles were formed at grain boundaries rich in carbon and alloying elements during hot rolling.Such structures caused stress concentration in the process of stamping,thus leading to the formation and propagation of micro cracks,and forming micro-cracks in the stamping part.%通过化学成分分析、微观形貌观察、能谱分析、X射线衍射及硬度测试等手段,对1Cr13不锈钢冲压件表面裂纹的产生原因进行了分析.结果表明,材料中存在方向性明显的带状组织,其晶界处有碳化物颗粒富集.基于试验分析,认为裂纹产生的原因是:1Cr13不锈钢铸坯在凝固过程中,中心部位产生成分偏析,热轧时在碳及合金元素贫化带形成带状铁素体组织,多余的碳及合金元素在晶界处生成碳化物颗粒,形成了以铁素体为主、晶界上密布着碳化物颗粒的带状组织,在冲压过程中产生应力集中,从而导致微裂纹的形成和扩展,使冲压件产生裂纹.