氮磷配施对冬小麦鲁原502磷素积累分配及利用的影响

摘要

The high-yielding wheat cultivar Luyuan 502 was selected as the test material to study the effects of nitrogen application combined with phosphorus on phosphorus accumulation,distribution and utilization in winter wheat.The results showed that increasing application of nitrogen and phosphorus both promoted the phosphorus accumulation at various stages of wheat.With the increasing application of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer,the phosphorus distribution in stem,leaves and spike (including grain,spike axis and glume) increased at the anthesis and maturity stages.The phosphorus requirement of producing 100 kg grain was improved with the increasing of phosphorus fertilizer,while not significantly affected by nitrogen application.The phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE) decreased with the increasing application of phosphorus,but not affected significantly by nitrogen application.It was shown that 240 kg/hm2 nitrogen and 100 kg/hm2 P2O5 were recommended for high yield of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai area.%本试验以高产小麦品种鲁原502为材料,研究氮磷配施条件下冬小麦磷素积累、分配及利用特性.结果表明,增加施氮量和施磷量均促进小麦各时期磷素积累量的提高.随着磷肥和氮肥施用量的增加,开花期和成熟期磷素在茎秆、叶片和穗(籽粒、穗轴和颖壳)的分配量增加.增加施磷量促进生产100 kg小麦籽粒需磷量提高,而施氮量对籽粒需磷量影响不大;增加施磷量造成磷素利用效率降低,而施氮量对磷素利用效率无明显影响.本研究表明,冬小麦施用N 240 kg/hm2,P2O5 100 kg/hm2可作为黄淮麦区获得高产的施肥参考.