从上海实践分析居民自治的环境和路径

摘要

ThelargenumberofexamplesofShanghairesidentsautonomyshow threemain characteristics,organizationprojectandcase,inthisstage.Itisurgentlydemandedtoturnthepartial andphasedautonomoustypicalcaseintothecommonandcoveringthewholeprocessofcommunitylife toimprovethegrassrootssocietygovernanceandpromotecommunityharmonyandstability.Thereare realisticcountermeasurestoenhancetheresidentsautonomyfunction,firstthemainfunctionsand responsibilitiesofthesocialworkstationisdeterminedastheassistanceofneighborhoodcommittee autonomytoreducetheresidentialareastaffteamsburdenratherthantoundertakeadministrative matters.Itisrequiredtoreform evaluationmechanism ofneighborhoodcommitteeforformingthe externalenvironmentwhichcanpromoteresidentsautonomy.Secondly,enhancethequalityofwhole residentialareastaff,distinguishthedifferentnature,attractmoreresidentswhohavethecapacitiesof coordinatingorganizationandmobilizationandform anstaffwhocanorganizeresidentstocarryout autonomyeffectivelyandgenerallybyelectingoremployingmembersofneighborhoodcommitteeand fulltimepartyworkers,socialworkers.Thirdly,fostercommunityservicebasedsocietyorganizations inorder,givefurthersupporttoresidentialareasbuildinggroup,communitycultureandsportteamand communitypublicwelfaresocialorganizations,andstrengthenmassbaseofresidentsautonomy.%　　上海居民自治的大量活动案例表明，组织化、项目化、个案化是其主要的阶段性特征。如何将局部的、阶段性的自治典型案例，朝着普遍的、覆盖社区生活全过程的方向推进，是当前完善基层治理、促进社区和谐稳定的迫切需求。近期现实可行的增强居民区自治功能的主要对策，一是将社工站的职责定位为协助居委会开展自治为主，而非承接行政事务为主，减轻居民区工作班子的过重负担，并改革对居委会的考核机制，形成有利于其集中精力开展自治的外部环境；二是提升居民区工作人员整体素质，区分不同性质，吸引更多具有组织协调和宣传动员能力的居民，通过选举或聘用成为居委会成员或专职党务工作者、社工，形成能够普遍有效组织居民开展自治的工作骨干队伍；三是有序培育社区服务型的社会组织，给予居民区楼组、社区文体活动团队、社区公益型社会组织进一步的支持，夯实居民自治的群众基础。