[目的]通过研究中国境内东方蜜蜂不同群体间及其与西方蜜蜂和大蜜蜂间的群体遗传多样性,深入了解蜜蜂种(群)间遗传变异及其分化状况,为蜜蜂种质资源的保护与合理开发利用提供理论依据.[方法]采用AFLP分子标记技术,用19对引物组合对中国10个省市的10个东方蜜蜂群体、1个大蜜蜂群体和1个西方蜜蜂群体共12个群体的基因池DNA进行分析.[结果]蜜蜂种间的遗传相似系数较低,而东方蜜蜂群体间的遗传相似系数较高.东方蜜蜂群体与意大利蜜蜂间的相似系数介于0.2335-0.2823,与大蜜蜂间的介于0.2439-0.2871；大蜜蜂与意大利蜜蜂间为0.2650.东方蜜蜂群体间为0.3639-0.6134.12个种群明显地分为3大分支,西方蜜蜂和大蜜蜂各为一个分支,东方蜜蜂群体为一大分支.东方蜜蜂群体中,吉林和江西的东方蜜蜂各为一分支；其它地区中,南部的海南、福建、广东和云南为一类群,北部的甘肃、山西、北京及南部的四川为一类群.[结论]大蜜蜂、东方蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂3个种群间遗传分化明显.东方蜜蜂群体间的遗传相似系数较高,其中,吉林东方蜜 蜂可能为一个独特的生态型.%[ Objective ] The objective of this study is to evaluate the population genetic diversity and differentiation among Apis cerarta, Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera in China. [ Method ] DNA gene pools were genotyped by AFLP with nineteen pairs of primer combinations in twelve honeybee populations, which are individually ten Apis cerarta from ten provinces of China, one Apis dorsata and one Apis mellifera.[ Result] The genetic similarity coefficient among the different honeybee species was low. However, the coefficient among the different populations of Apis cerana was high. Compared with A. mellifera, the coefficient Apis cerana is 0.2335-0.2823, but with Apis dorsata, the coefficient is 0.2439-0.2871. Between the A. mellifera and Apis dorsata, the coefficient is 0.2650. Among the different populations of Apis ceranas, the coefficient is 0.3639-0.6134. According to the cluster map, the twelve populations can be distinctly divided into three branches, they are Apis mellifera , Apis dorsata and Apis cerana. However, among the different populations of Apis cerana, the honeybees from Jilin and Jiangxi provinces belong to a sub-branch, those from Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong and Yunnan belong to another sub-branch, those from Gansu, Shanxi, Beijing and Sichuan provinces belong to another sub-branch. [Conclusion) Genetic divergence was apparent among Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata and Apis cerana. The coefficient was higher among the different geographic Apis cerana in China. The Apis cerana in Jilin province was a unique group.
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