我国医药生物产业的研发弹性和技术效率研究

摘要

This paper analyzes R&D elasticity and technical efficiency in biomedical industry by using listed company in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets in the years of 2009-201 2 as samples.The study finds:regardless of the varia-ble returns to scale or constant returns to scale model,R&D expenditure of biological medicine enterprise has a signifi-cant positive effect on the basic sales of enterprises with R&D elasticity being around 0.1 0-0.20.Then,technical efficiency and its effecting factors are investigated by using Stochastic Frontier Approach.It is found that the average technical efficiency of biological medicine enterprises is about 0.75,hence there is still much room for improvement of efficiency.The longer enterprises are founded,the higher the proportion of state-owned shares of enterprises is,which is more beneficial to improve enterprise efficiency.Those enterprises which are located in the central region of China or with high asset liability ratio will be adversely affected on efficiency.%以沪深两市2009-2012年医药生物类上市公司为样本，实证分析医药生物类产业的研发弹性和技术效率。研究发现：无论采用可变规模报酬还是固定规模报酬模型，医药生物类企业的研发支出对企业产值均有显著正向影响，研发弹性在0.10-0.20左右。然后运用随机前沿分析方法考察企业的技术效率和影响因素，发现医药生物类企业的平均技术效率在0.75左右，还有很大的提升空间。公司成立年限越长、国有股权比例越高，越有助于提升企业效率，处于我国中部地区以及资产负债率较高的公司，效率会受到负面影响。