黄土丘陵区由于特殊的地形和社会因素,导致农村居民点在该地区的分布长期处在农民的自发选择状态,脏乱差等问题普遍存在.基于以上问题现以太谷县为研究区,使用Voronoi和景观格局方法,并结合相关的自然环境、区位环境、生产环境和经济社会环境等因子来研究农村居民点的时空分布状况,最后结合层次分析法对太谷县的农村居民点适宜性状况做分析,并为农村居民点的布局提供政策参考.结果表明:①从Voronoi图的CV值表明太谷县农村居民点空间分布类型为集群型,其中侯城乡最为密集;②农村居民点在自然环境和区位环境因子上主要分布在地形坡度为6°以下,海拔高度为1000 m以下,距离城镇10 km,距离道路4 km,距离河流6 km以内以及坡向为东西东南西南地区,在生产环境和经济社会环境因子上的分布主要集中在距离水浇地和果园500 m以内的地区,人口小于3万人,农村经济总收入超过3亿元和农民人均纯收入超过6000元的地区;③采用层次分析法对研究区的农村居民点适宜性做相关评价分析结果表明分布面积最广的是基本适宜和较适宜的地区,适宜性的地区仅占总面积5.09％,且主要分布在县城附近,不适宜的地区主要分布在偏远山区.%Because of the special terrain and social factors that lead to the distribution of rural residential land in spontaneous selection state for a long time and environments are filthy in loess hilly region .By means of Voronoi method and landscape pattern in the study area associated with residential areas and combined with the natural envi -ronment, geographical environment , production environment and the economic and social environment to study en-vironmental factors such as spatial and temporal distribution of rural residential land , finally the analytic hierarchy process ( ahp) was used to rural residential suitability for analysis in the study area .Results show that: ①the Cv value shows Taigu County rural residential land space distribution type of cluster type ;②the rural residential areas are mainly distributed in the natural environment and geographical environment factors for under 6 °in the terrain slope, altitude 1000 m below the town 10 km, distance from the road 4 km, from the river 6 km southwest and southeast slope to things;in production and distribution are mainly concentrated on the economic and social envi-ronmental factors within 500 m from irrigated land and orchard area , population is less than 30000 people, the ru-ral economy income more than farmers per capita net income of more than 6000 yuan and 300 million yuan;③eval-uation analysis results show that the distribution area of one of the most widely is the basic of appropriate and suit -able areas , suitability of area accounted for only 5.09％of the total area , and are mainly distributed in the county , inappropriate areas are mainly distributed in the remote mountains .
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