基于GPS载波相位的边坡形变监测方法

摘要

针对道路建设、桥梁建设及矿山等大型工程建设过程形成的高危边坡问题,在现有技术的基础上提出一种基于载波双差与无偏估计法,结合求解形变量的形变监测方法,阐述了无偏估计的数据检验和校正方法,建立形变监测数学模型.首先,通过观测站间做载波单差消除卫星钟差和测量误差的未知量,将基线向量与伪距单差的几何关系代入载波单差方程并建立矩阵方程.其次,将矩阵方程在单差的基础上做历元间差分形成双差方程,消除了整周单差未知量.最后用无偏估计法对双差数据进行检验校正;并用最小二乘法求解方程,得出形变量.通过实验验证,该方法具有实用性强和精度高等优势.%Aiming at the problem of high-risk slopes cause in process of the construction of road and bridge,mine and other large scale projects,a method was proposed based on double difference carrier and the methods of unbiased estimation for solving deformation on the basis of existent technology,which expounded the methods of unbiased estimation of data test and calibration and also established the deformation monitoring model of mathematics.First of all,the single difference carrier was made to eliminate unknown of the satellite clock and measurement error through the observation station.The geometric relation between baseline vector and single difference pseudo rang would substitute into single difference carrier and establish matrix equation.Secondly,the matrix equation based on single difference makes the epoch difference to structure double differential equation,which eliminates unknowns of the single difference integer ambiguity.Finally,data of the double difference carrier are checked and corrected by the unbiased estimation method,and the least square method is used to solve the equation so as to elicit the deformation.The experimental results show that this method has the advantages of strong practicability,high accuracy and so on.