[Background] Yunnan Province,situated in the southwest of China at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the sources and upper reaches of several rivers,including Yangtze River,Pearl River,Lantsang River,and Nujiang River,is bounded by Vietnam,Laos and Burma.Yunnan Province plays an important role as a frontier and window of China's opening to the West in the Belt and Road Initiative owing much to its geographic position.Building the ecological security barrier of Yunnan is of great significance to ensure the ecological security of China and the surrounding areas.The topography of Yunnan is characterized by complicated geological structures and great difference elevation,with the mountainous areas ratio of 94％.The soil and water loss in Yunnan Province is characterized of serious soil erosion,variations of soil and water loss and regional differentiation due to the natural factors above mentioned and anthropogenic actions.[Methods] In order to plan the prevention and control countermeasures of soil erosion in the future 15 years,principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were applied to regionalize soil and water conservation.[Results] The whole territory of Yunnan Province was regionalized into 20 regions with the basic function of water conservation,soil conservation,water storage,ecological maintenance,disaster prevention and reduction,soil barring and living environment maintenance.And on the base of soil and water conservation regionalization,the regional soil and water conservation layout of One Center and One Region,Two Wings and Two Belts and Three Corners and Three Areas was proposed.One Center and One Region refers to the living environment maintenance region of lake basin area in central Yunnan Plateau around Kunming City,and the sand barring and reduction region of middle and low mountains-the Jinsha river lower reaches area in the east of central Yunnan.Two Wings and Two Belts refers to the ecological maintenance and water conservation region in East and West Yunnan,and the water storage and conservation region of Karst rocky stone desertification area in central and Southeast Yunnan.Three Corners and Three Areas refers to the soil conservation region in Northeast,Southwest and East Yunnan,and the disaster prevention and reduction region in rivers basin of West Yunnan,Hong river basin of South-east Yunnan,and Jinsha river of central-east Yunnan.Key areas that need comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss in Yunnan Province in the new era include the rivers,mountains and canyons of the Southwest Yunnan,middle and lower reaches of Jinsha River in the Yangtze River economic zone,and Karst rocky desertification area in eastern Yunnan.[Conclusions] This is the document to guide for the regionalization of soil and water conservation,to build the general strategy of soil and water loss prevention and control,to determine the key control area of soil and water loss,and scientifically formulate the system of soil and water loss prevention and control measures.%云南地处我国西南边陲云贵高原,位于长江、珠江、澜沧江和怒江等六大江河水系的源头和上游,与越南、老挝和缅甸接壤,在国家“一带一路”战略中,是我国向西开放的前沿和窗口.构筑云南生态安全屏障,对保证我国和周边地区的生态安全,意义重大.云南山地面积占全省国土总面积的94％,地形起伏大、地质构造复杂,降雨时空分布不均,不利的自然因素加之人为活动越来越频繁,致使水土流失严重,水土流失类型多样,区域分异大.为了规划未来15年的水土流失综合防治区域布局,用主成分分析和聚类分析相结合的方法,将云南全省划分为20个水土流失综合防治功能区,使其主要在水源涵养、土壤保持、蓄水保水、生态维护、防灾减灾、拦沙减沙、人居环境维护等方面发挥水土保持基础功能,并提出“一核一区”“两翼两带”“三足三片”的区域水土流失综合防治布局.
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