水土流失监测是水土保持研究和应用的基础工作.研究水土流失监测指标是为了提高水土流失监测的科学性.在前人研究基础上,结合喀斯特山区乡村聚落水土流失现状,提出科学合理的水土流失监测指标.以乡村聚落水土流失为核心,初步建立了喀斯特山区乡村聚落水土流失监测的定性定量指标,包括农业生产、人居生活、经济发展、生态保育及旅游休憩等5个要素23个指标.新的指标体系既保留了传统的监测指标,如降雨、地表径流量、土壤等,又加入了新的体现喀斯特山区水土流失特点及乡村聚落变化的指标,如土地石漠化指标、地下漏失量及旅游休憩指标等.研究成果进一步提高了喀斯特山区水土流失监测水平,促进喀斯特山区生态保护和美丽乡村建设.%[Background] Monitoring soil erosion is the basic work for research and application of soil and water conservation.After monitoring,people may obtain real-time and well-rounded soil and water loss information,which can be further used for soil and water conservation planning and management in the target areas.However,because of the constraints of the conditions,soil and water loss monitoring still faces many problems and uncertainties that need to be solved at next step.At present,index system of soil and water loss monitoring is one of them.Although rural settlement is one of the major sources of soil and water loss,there have few special index systems for soil and water loss monitoring in this area.[Methods] Connecting the previous studies with the present situation of soil erosion in rural areas of Karst mountainous area,this paper presents a scientific and reasonable monitoring index system of soil and water loss.In particular,we have carefully read other colleagues'researches on the soil and water loss monitoring index system,soil and water loss mechanism and process in Karst area,environment change and spatial characteristics of rural settlement when the indexes were selected.[Results] Compared with watershed,hillslope,construction land,agricultural land and grazing areas,rural settlements generally have unique characteristics of soil and water loss.Those characteristics give us an obvious message that the common indexes of soil and water loss monitoring are not be appropriate for soil and water loss monitoring in rural settlements,especially in the Karst mountain area.According to the function of rural settlements in the Karst mountain area,we put forwards an index system which is composed of 5 first class indexes and 23 second class indexes.The first class indexes include agricultural production,living,economic development,ecological conservation and tourism.The second class indexes include population,land area,surface runoff,vegetation coverage,ground soil loss and underground soil loss,income,livestock farming,tourist facilities,and so on.These indexes can be divided into two types of categories of qualitative and quantitative indicators.In particular,some of indexes are special selected into system because those indexes significantly relate with the process of soil and water loss in the Karst area,such as rocky desertification of the land and underground leakage of soils.In addition,some of indexes are new features of land-use changes along with the development of rural economic,such as tourism.[Conclusions] In the context of rural revitalization and beautiful countryside construction,the index system built in this study can be used as necessary technical support for soil and water conservation work in the rural settlements,and also provides a scientific support for further investigating the mechanism and process of soil and water loss in Karst area.
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