淮河蚌埠段采样点鱼虾贝类重金属的富集

摘要

应用WFX - 110型原子吸收分光光度法测定淮河蚌埠段污染较重采样点鱼虾贝类不同组织中重金属(Cu,Mn,Zn,Fe,Ni,Cd和Pb)的含量.结果表明:在同一组织中w(Fe),w(Zn),w(Cu),w(Mn)和w(Ni)高于w(Cd)和w(Pb),变化趋势为日本沼虾＞河蚌＞鱼；鱼虾贝类不同组织重金属含量变化趋势为w(Fe)＞w(Mn)＞w(Zn)＞w(Ni)＞w(Cu)＞w(Pb)＞w(Cd).w(Cu),w(Mn),w(Zn)和w(Fe)在肠、鳃、肝胰脏等组织中较高,在精巢、肌肉等组织中较低；w(Ni),w(Cd)和w(Pb)在肝胰脏、鳃等组织中较高,在肌肉、脑等组织中较低.其中,日本沼虾和河蚌对重金属元素的富集能力明显强于淡水鱼类；而肝胰脏和鳃是鱼虾贝类体内重金属富集的主要部位；其食用部分w(Cd)和w(Pb)均超过无公害食品水产品中有害物质限量( NY 5073-2006)和人体卫生消费标准,因此不宜食用,表明淮河蚌埠段采样点附近生物受重金属影响明显.%The concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb) were measured by WFX-110 atomic absorption spectrophotometry in different tissues of economic aquatic animals from sampling points of the Bengbu segment of the Huaihe River. The results showed that the concentrations of the seven heavy metals were different in the same tissues of different animals. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ni were higher than those of Cd and Pb. The variation tendency of heavy metals was in the order of Macrobrachium nipponense >A. Woodiana woodiana > fishes. The content sequence of the seven heavy metals in fish and shellfish was Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd. Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe were mainly accumulated in the intestines, gills, hepatopancreas, etc. , but were lower in the testes, muscles, etc. Tissue of the fish and shellfish. The concentrations of Ni, Cd and Pb were higher in the hepatopancreas, gills, etc. , but lower in the muscles, brain and other tissues of the tested animals. Enrichment of heavy metals in Macrobrachium nipponease and A. Woodiana woodiana was obviously higher than that in the freshwater fish. Gills and hepatopancresa were the major organs of heavy metals concentration in the fish and shellfish. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the edible parts of economic aquatic animals from the Bengbu segment of the Huaihe River were both higher than the China's agricultral industry standard and the Health Standard of Consumption, therefore the edible parts of the animal were unfit for human consumption. The present results indicate that the organisms in sampling points of the Bengbu segment of the Huaihe River were significantly polluted by heavy metals.