青霉素菌渣肥对土壤环境及萝卜品质的影响

摘要

青霉素菌渣具有较高的营养价值,菌渣肥料化技术将成为解决菌渣处置问题的重要手段.为了评估青霉素菌渣肥肥效,通过田间小区试验,采用6种不同施肥方式[①CK,不施肥;②CF,常规量化肥;③MF,化肥与菌渣肥1∶1混施(混合肥);④PF1,常规量青霉素菌渣肥;⑤PF2,2倍常规量青霉素菌渣肥;⑥PF4,4倍常规量青霉素菌渣肥],考察菌渣肥对土壤环境及萝卜品质的影响.结果表明:青霉素菌渣肥的施入相对于不施肥处理可以提高土壤营养成分的含量,其中ω(速效钾)和ω(速效磷)在PF2处理下增加最多,ω(速效钾)增加了23.7％,ω(速效磷)增加了17.9％,之后是MF;在萝卜的整个生长期,土壤中微生物的含量与青霉素菌渣肥施加量呈正相关,在发芽期微生物数量最高;此外,在发芽期各处理方式相对于不施肥处理,均能提高蛋白酶和蔗糖酶的活性,随着青霉素菌渣肥施入量的增加,脲酶活性变化不明显,蔗糖酶活性逐渐增大.在萝卜品质方面,施加青霉素菌渣肥可提高萝卜的品质,如根质量最高提高了73.57％,ω(维生素C)提高11.28％ ～ 148.20％,ω(可溶性糖)提高12.00％ ～ 58.60％;施加菌渣肥也会增加萝卜中硝酸盐的含量,但过量施加菌渣肥会增加硝酸盐含量,存在一定的风险.%Fertilizer production with penicillin mycelial dregs (PMDs) is an important method for PMDs disposal due to its high level of available nutrients.Through evaluating the qualities of Penicillin Mycelial Fertilizers (PMFs),the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PMFs on soil environment and quality of radishes depending on various fertilization conditions through a field experiment.The results showed that the total nutrient contents of soil were generally higher than those in the control treatment,and there was a positive correlation between population of microorganisms and PMF fertilizing amount during the growing season of radishes.Additionally,different fertilization conditions significantly influenced the protease and amylase activities rather than invertase and catalase activities.In terms of radishes,fertilization with PMFs can enhance the qualities of radishes,increasing the plant height by 73.57％,vitamin C content by 11.28％-148.20％,and soluble sugar content by 12.00％-58.60％.But excess application of bacteria fertilizer can increase the nitrate content in slag,with excessive risk.