基于鱼类完整性指数的滦河流域生态系统健康评价

摘要

生物完整性指数作为评价河流健康的重要工具,对流域管理有明确的指导作用.为全面掌握滦河流域生态系统健康状况,构建F-IBI(鱼类完整性指数),开展滦河流域生态系统健康评价.于2016年10-11月对滦河流域58个采样点收集了鱼类与环境数据,根据栖息地质量评分与水质等级来确定参考点(12个)和受损点(7个).利用分布范围检验、敏感性分析及冗余检验对20个候选指标进行筛选,以获得构建F-IBI的核心指标.采用1、3、5赋分法对核心指标进行赋分,并计算F-IBI最终得分.利用分位数法将F-IBI划分为“健康”“亚健康”“一般”“差”“极差”5个等级.利用非参数检验对F-IBI的适用性进行校验.结果表明:①鱼类物种数、个体数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、底栖食性鱼类个体百分比、耐受性鱼类个体百分比、产黏性卵鱼类个体百分比、产沉性卵鱼类个体百分比、上层鱼类个体百分比和广布种鱼类个体百分比等9个指标被筛选出,其适合作为构建F-IBI的核心指标.②F-IBI计算结果表明滦河流域58个采样点中,“健康”和“亚健康”等级采样点有22个,“一般”等级采样点22个,“差”和“极差”等级采样点14个.滦河干支流上游地区健康状况较好,干流中下游及部分独流人海河流健康状况较差,这主要受到不同地区社会经济发展的影响.③Mann-Whitney U检验发现,F-IBI在参考点与非参考点之间有显著差异,栖息地综合得分随F-IBI评价等级降低而下降,在“健康”与除“亚健康”外的其他等级以及“极差”与除“差”外的其他等级之间有显著差异.研究显示,构建的F-IBI适用于滦河流域生态系统健康评价.%The index of biological integrity (IBI),as a key tool for river health assessment,is very useful to the catchment management.In order to understand the ecosystem health conditions of the Luanhe River,we constructed a fish integrity (F-IBI) to carry out the Luanhe River Basin ecosystem health assessment.Fish and environmental data were collected from 58 points in the Luanhe River Basin from October to November 2016.The reference point (12 sites) and the damage point (7 sites) were determined by the standardized method of habitat and water quality.Among the 20 candidate metrics of fish community,9 effective metrics including spccies richness,individual number,Shannon-Wiener diversity,proportion of individual as benthic feeder,proportion of individual as tolerant species,proportion of individual as viscid-egg species,proportion of individual as demersal-egg species,proportion of individual as pelagic species,and proportion of individual as ubiquity species,were screen by the distribution analysis,sensitivity and redundant tests.The applicability of F-IBI was verified by non-parametric test.(1) Results show that fish species and individual number,Shannon Wiener diversity index,benthic predatory fish individual percentage,tolerance percentage individual fish,fish eggs sticky percentage,lay down individual fish percentage,upper fish percentage and percentage among all the individual 9 was selected for construction of F-IBI core index.(2) The results showed 22 sites were in'healthy'and'sub-healthy'grades,22 sites were in'fair'grade,and 14 sites were in 'poor'and'very poor'grades.(3) Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was a significant difference of F-IBI between the reference and non-reference sites.Total scores of habitat quality decreased with the decrease of F-IBI grade.Significant difference of habitat scores was found between'healthy'grade and other grades except'sub-healthy',and between'very poor'grade and other grades except 'poor'.These results demonstrated the applicability of F-IBI in ecosystem health assessment of the Luanhe River.