微生物发酵菌和生物质炭及蘑菇渣对污泥堆肥效果的影响

摘要

In order to realize the reduction and recycling of sludge and reduce its harmfulness, mushroom residue, microbial inoculant and biomass charcoal were added with sludge in co-composting. Five aerobic composting treatments were set up, including five groups: no auxiliary material (T1);30％ deadwood (T2); 20％ deadwood, 9. 9％ mushroom residue and 0. 1％ microbial inoculant (T3); 20％deadwood and 10％ biomass charcoal ( T4);and 20％ deadwood, 4. 9％ mushroom residue, 0. 1％ microbial inoculant and 5％ biomass charcoal ( T5 ) . Temperature change, physicochemical properties of fertilizer and germination index ( GI ) during composting were investigated. The results showed that the composting treatment T5 had the best effect among the five groups. The composting temperature was up to 70. 5 °C on the 3rd day from commencement of the experiment, and maintained no less than 50 °C for 19 days. The contents of TKN, TP and TK nutrients in composting treatment T5 were much higher than the other four composting treatments, reaching up to 3. 88, 0. 64 and 1. 10 g∕kg respectively. GI was gradually increased to 183％ with progress of the composting treatments. Based on the least ammonia emission and nitrogen loss, solidification of inorganic nitrogen could form the maximum value in composting treatment T5. The level of residual heavy metal in composting treatment T5 was the highest, and had low biotoxicity, protecting the ecological environment. The study showed that mushroom residue, microbial inoculant and biomass charcoal can promote sludge maturity promotion, reduce secondary pollution and enhance product quality.%为解决污泥的处理处置难题,实现污泥减量化、无害化和资源化,在污泥中添加蘑菇渣、微生物发酵菌和生物质炭等辅料,进行共堆肥试验,设置T1(不添加辅料)、T2(添加30％的园林枯枝)、T3(添加20％的园林枯枝、9.9％的蘑菇渣和0.1％的微生物发酵菌)、T4(添加20％的园林枯枝和10％的生物质炭),以及T5(添加20％的园林枯枝、4.9％的蘑菇渣、0.1％的微生物发酵菌和5％的酸化生物质炭)5个好氧堆肥处理,考察各处理堆肥过程中温度变化、肥料的理化特性以及GI(发芽指数).结果显示:①T5处理的效果最好,堆肥至第3天,堆体温度达到70.5℃,并且温度不低于50℃的时间达到19 d.②T5处理肥料的w(TKN)(TKN为总凯氏氮)、w(TP)和w(TK)均最高,分别达到3.88、0.64和1.10 g∕kg,远高于其他4个处理;产品的GI随堆肥时间的延长逐渐增长,达到183％.③T5处理的NH3排放最少,氮元素流失最低,能最大程度的转化成固化无机氮;残渣态重金属含量最高,不易浸出到环境中进入生态系统,生物毒性低.研究显示,蘑菇渣、微生物发酵菌和生物质炭能够促进污泥的腐熟,减少二次污染的产生,产品质量较好.