欧盟共同农业政策框架下德国耕地资源可持续利用的做法与启示

摘要

探讨欧盟共同农业政策是如何促进各成员国实现政策目标,德国是如何实施该政策并促进耕地资源可持续利用,遵循怎样的政策机制,对我国耕地资源可持续利用与政策制定有重要借鉴意义.运用实地调查法和归纳总结法,对德国落实欧盟耕地资源可持续利用政策的做法进行梳理,并运用典型案例分析法对德国精准农业进行分析,探讨对我国耕地资源可持续利用的政策启示.结果表明:1)德国严格贯彻落实欧盟共同农业政策,在耕地资源可持续利用方面主要做法包括土地经营适度规模化、耕作方式绿色化、耕地利用精准化和农业废弃物生态循环与资源化;2)这些做法主要得益于欧盟及德国具有完善的政策机制,一是耕地保护制度化与法制化强制性的结果,二是农业绿色补贴政策诱致性的结果,三是以科技与大数据为支撑制定耕地利用措施的结果,四是以产学研紧密结合构建农业经营者准入制度的结果;3)欧盟及德国的促进耕地资源可持续利用政策值得学习与借鉴,亟须从加快立法进程、改进农业补贴方式、建立农业科技与信息系统及加强产学研等方面着手,全面加强耕地资源保护,实现耕地资源可持续利用.%Exploring how the EU's common agricultural policy promotes the realization of policy targets of the member states, examining how Germany implements the policy to promote the sustainable utilization of farmland resources, and analyzing the working mechanism of the EU's common agricultural policy are of great significance to the realization of the sustainable utilization and policy formulation of farmland resources in China. In this paper, we applied the field investigation and summarization method to sort out the practice of implementing the policy of sustainable utilization of farmland resources in Germany, and to analyze the precision agriculture in Germany. Results showed that: 1) Germany strictly implemented the EU's common agricultural policy. The main practiced in the sustainable utilization of farmland resources include the moderate scale of land management, the greening of farming operations, the precision management of farmland, and the ecological cycle and resource utilization of agricultural waste; 2) Both the EU and Germany had a sound policy mechanism including the mandatory legalization protection and legal system, agricultural green subsidy, the technology and large data to support the land use measures, and the integration of the production and research to build agricultural operators access system; and 3) The successful experienced from both the EU and Germany' sustainable utilization of farmland resource policy can provide significant implications for China. To comprehensively strengthen the protection of farmland resources to achieve the sustainable utilization of farmland land resources, this paper suggested the government and related departments to speed up the legislative process, to perfect agricultural subsidy policies, to establish the agricultural technology and information system, and to integrate research and extension into production.