一种铁路桥梁线路偏心和道砟厚度的测量方法

摘要

铁路桥梁线路偏心和道砟厚度是否达标关系到高速列车运行的安全性.本文分析了桥梁线路偏心和道砟厚度的测量原理,提出了一种采用光学图像技术的测量方法,并据此研制了一台含有智能手机的样机.该样机可被安装在铁路桥上线路的左侧钢轨上,使用手机前后摄像头对放置于左右两侧挡砟墙和右侧钢轨上的专用条码标尺拍照,通过内嵌于智能手机内的图像处理和计算软件,可实时获得3个条码标尺的空间距离和测量零位偏差,经计算得到桥梁线路偏心和道砟厚度.为了获取手机摄像头的主要光学技术参数,消除非线性畸变,提高测量精度,研制过程中需对其内方位元素和非线性畸变采用光线束自检校平差解法进行检校,采用软件进行修正.现场试验表明该方法可快速准确地测量桥梁线路偏心和道砟厚度.%Whether the eccentricity of railway bridge line and the thickness of ballast reaches the standard or not is related to the safety of high speed trains operation. The measuring principle for the eccentric of bridge line and the thickness of ballast was analyzed,a measuring method using optical image technology was proposed,and a prototype with intelligent mobile phone was developed.The prototype can be installed on the left rail of the railway bridge line, the photos of special bar code scale placed on both sides of the ballast retaining wall and the right rail could be taken by front and the rear cameras of the mobile phone,the space distance and deviation of measurement zero position can be obtained through three bar code scales in real time by image processing and computing software embedded in intelligent mobile phones,and the eccentric of bridge line and the thickness of ballast was concluded by calculation.In order to obtain the main optical technical parameters of the mobile phone camera,eliminate the nonlinear distortion and improve the measurement accuracy,the calibration for the inner orientation elements and the nonlinear distortion was made by using light beam self-calibration adjustment method in the process of development,which could be modified by software. Field test shows that this method can measure the eccentric of bridge lines and the thickness of ballast quickly and accurately.