Lingjing Xuchang Man Site was located in the west of Lingjing Village,Xuchang Municipality,Henan Province,China.It was first discovered in 1965.It was excavated for the first time in 2005.Cultural deposits of Lingjing Xuchang Man Site are up to 9 meters thick and are divided into eleven layers.Layer 5,which is dated to 13402±406a B.P.,contains abundant microliths,together with early ceramic shards,a bird figurine,fossil animals,flaked stone artifacts,ostrich eggshells,drilled ostrich eggshell ornaments and ochres.Besides,2 human fossil crania,dated roughly to 100ka B.P.,were unearthed from Layer 11.Microliths assigned to the period of MIS 2 are examined here.They were excavated from several seasons from 2005 to 2016.The rich toolkit is characterized by end-scrapers,scrapers,notches,backed-knives,burins,points,wedged-shaped tools,denticulates,borers,arrowheads and retouched flakes and so on.As the southernmost representative of microlith cultural zone in North China and even Northeast Asia so far,the various types and elegantly retouched microliths from Layer 5 of Lingjing are of high research value and will provide new evidence and perspectives for understanding the microlith technology and human behavior pattern at the end of the Upper Paleolithic of North China as well as Northeast Asia.In this paper,functions of microliths from layer 5 of Xuchang Man site were explored by usewear analysis with high-maginification optic microscope which is used in researches on microblade industries in Japan.13 out of 220 microblades (only 5.9％) are found having microscars,the rest of them have no use-wears.No burins,bores and backed knives bear distinct use-wears.The reasons behind this are probably the insufficiency of observed objects as well as most of microliths might not be used within the site at all.57 end-scrapers with relatively good state of surface conditions are selected and examined,only 19.3％ of them have obvious use-wear traces with a low detection rate due to bad surface states of stone artifacts.According to the study on use-wears of end-scrapers,they were probably mainly used to do works like tanning and so on.Therefore,this paper has an important role in exploring microlith technology as well as people's adopting and surviving abilities in Xuchang Man site.At the same time,it will provide significant evidence for route and mechanism of dispersal of microliths in Northeast Asia.%本文借鉴日本细石叶工业的研究范例,运用高倍微痕分析法对许昌人遗址第5层出土的细石器功能进行分析.结果显示,220件细石叶多为不带使用痕迹,端刮器中19.3％带有明显使用痕迹,雕刻器、钻器、琢背小刀未发现明显使用痕迹.通过研究端刮器使用痕迹推测其可能用于鞣皮等工作.本文研究对于深入探讨许昌人遗址古人类细石器技术,以及人类的适应生存能力具有重要意义,同时对探讨细石器在东北亚扩散的路径和机制也有重要的参考价值.
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