首页> 中文期刊>齐鲁学刊 >宁夏地区明长城军事防御聚落的修筑特点与演变

宁夏地区明长城军事防御聚落的修筑特点与演变

     

摘要

明代出于军事防御需要,在西北地区修筑了数千公里的长城,其中在宁夏地区设立了宁夏、固原两座军事重镇及大量军事聚落对长城进行守御及管理。在严格的军事制度管理之下,这些军事聚落有着鲜明的层级结构。各层级聚落有着独特的修筑特点,聚落的选址受到水体、地势、长城、风水理论及军事活动等因素的综合影响,其城池规模、形制及内部功能布局也因层级及军事战略地位等不同而各有不同,越高等级的聚落位置越适中,规模越大,形制越完备,功能越完善,布局越合理。在明代之后,大多数军事聚落被延用下来,但因各种因素,有些聚落发展成为大中型城市,有些发展为乡镇、村落,有些被旅游业开发,有些则已废弃。对这些聚落的修筑特点及发展演变的研究,对于西北地区的城市规划及古城遗址保护有着重要的意义。%It was out of military defense,thousands of miles of the Great Wall were built in the northwest region in Ming dynasty,in which two important military towns of Ningxia and Guyuan in Ningxia region,and lots of military fortresses were set to do defence and administration of the Great Wall.Under strict military management system,there were distinct hierarchy in some military fortresses;settlement at different level has it unique construction features,the settlement location is under the comprehensive influence of water,terrain,Great Wall,Feng-shui theory,military activity and etc.;its scale,shape and struc-ture,internal function layout is also different from each other,on the basis of different level and military strategic position.The settlement of higher class,the location is more moderate,with larger scale,more complete shape and structure,more com-plete function,more reasonable layout;After the Ming dynasty,most military fortresses were continue to be used,But due to various factors,some fortresses developed into large and medium-sized cities,some developed into towns,villages,some were developed for tourism,and some were abandoned;the research on the building characteristics and development and evolution of these fortresses,is of great significance to the city planning and the relic protection of ancient city in the northwest.

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