资源、权力与政策网络结构:权力视角下的理论阐释

摘要

尽管政策网络已成为政策研究的主要范式, 但对政策网络结构的研究则相对不足.现有研究主要基于结构主义视角, 通过倡议联盟框架 (ACF) 和资源依赖理论 (RDT) 的引入, 强调政策信仰和资源依赖对政策网络结构的解释作用;随着政策问题复杂和不确定性程度的提高, 上述两种解释路径已不适应政策网络结构的解释需要.因此, 本文基于行动主义理论视角, 通过权力因素的引入将政策网络结构界定为权力关系的结构化形式.通过对资源和权力之间关系, 以及物质制度资源和社会结构资源、制度权力和结构权力、垂直整合能力和水平整合能力的划分进行分析, 进而对政策网络结构的产生、维持和变迁进行解释, 以期对政策网络结构有更深的理解和认识.%Although policy network theory has became the main paradigm of policy research, the study of policy network structure is still relatively insufficient.The existing researches are mainly based on the structuralism perspective, and emphasize the explanatory effect of Policy belief and Resource dependence on policy Network structure through the introduction of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and Resource Dependency Theory (RDT).As policy issues become more complex and uncertain, the two theories mentioned above are unable to explain the structure of policy network effectively.Therefore, this paper defines Policy Network structure as a structured form of Power Relationship by the introduction of power factors based on the theoretical perspective of Activism, and attempts to explain the emergence, maintenance and change of policy network structure by analyzing the relationship between resource and power, as well as the division of Material-institutional Resources (MIRs) and Social Structure Resources (SSRs), institutional power and structure power, vertical integration ability and horizontal integration ability.