Recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted scholars'attention extensively. MiRNAs are a class of 21 ~25-nucleotide non-coding RNAs that have been implicated in regulating gene transcrip tion and expression. Thus, alteration of miRNA is involved in many human activities and diseases. The function of miRNA is varied dependence on cell type and target mRNA. MiRNAs play important roles in the process of injury and repair through affecting cell phenotypes, such as development, division, prolif eration, apoptosis and regeneration. Recently, miRNA-based findings seem to be promising implications for diagnosis and therapy.%近年来MicroRNA(miRNA)一直是医学生物学研究的热点.它作为一类非编码的小RNA,参与基因的转录和表达调控,因此人体的众多生命活动和疾病的发生、发展都与miRNA的变化密不可分.miRNA的作用因细胞特异性和目标mRNA的不同而异,miRNA可以通过影响细胞的分裂、增殖、凋亡和再生等表型的变化,参与疾病的损伤与修复过程.特别是近期研究人员进行了基于miRNA的疾病诊治研究,结果预示了良好的应用前景.
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