水通道与血管功能调节及相关疾病的研究进展

摘要

水通道(AQPs)是一类准许水分子和某些溶质小分子通过细胞膜的膜蛋白分子,主要分布于上皮细胞和内皮细胞,具有维持水平衡的生理功能.近年来研究发现AQPs除维持机体水平衡外,还参与血管功能的调节,并影响某些疾病的发生和发展,尤其是脑缺血、充血性心力衰竭、高血压和肿瘤血管新生等病理过程都与AQPs相关.因此,进一步阐释AQPs与血管功能调节及相关疾病的关系和可能机制,对疾病的防治和预后具有重要意义.本文将对AQPs在血管上的表达及生理功能、AQPs与血管功能调节以及AQPs与脑缺血、充血性心力衰竭、高血压和肿瘤血管新生等相关疾病关系的研究进展进行总结和讨论.%Aquaporins ( AQPsj , mainly distributed in epithelial and endothelial cells, are a family of channel-forming membrane proteins, originally confirmed to mediate the cellular water-transportation. AQPs are essential for maintaining homeostasis of the body water. Recently, studies have shown that AQPs may be involved in vascular function regulation and the development of related diseases, especially in cerebral ischemia, congestion heart failure, hypertension and tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate mechanism accounting for the association between AQPs and vascular function related diseases, which may lead to novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this review, we will discuss the expression and physiological roles of AQPs in vascular tissues and summarize recent progress in the relationship between AQPs and vascular function related diseases.