我国农村劳动力流动与城乡收入差距研究

摘要

20世纪90年代以来,我国城乡劳动力流动规模与收入差距同时扩大。多数学者仅从我国劳动力流动的制度障碍的角度解释这一问题,认为制度障碍是劳动力流动没有缩小收入差距的原因。本文在新兴古典主义的理论框架下,构建了一个三种商品的一般均衡经济增长模型来分析劳动力流动、城乡经济发展等对城乡收入差距的影响。模型显示：城乡收入差距同时受到多种因素的影响;劳动力流动缩小了城乡收入差距,但在劳动力流动限制的条件下,多种力量综合作用可能使这一效果得不到体现。相关的实证分析支持模型的推理：我国劳动力流动确实缩小了城乡收入差距,但城市经济的快速发展又扩大了城乡收入差距,从而劳动力流动规模与城乡收入差距不断扩大。%Since the 1990s,the urban-rural labor mobility scale and income gap expanded at the same time.Most researchers explain this problem only from the perspective of the institutional barrier of labor mobility in China.This paper,based on the neoclassical theoretical framework,construct a general equilibrium economic growth model to analyze the impact of labor mobility and economic development to the urban-rural income gap.The model shows that the urban-rural income gap was affected by many factors;labor mobility narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,but under the conditions of labor mobility restrictions,the combined effects of those forces may cause this gap wider.The empirical test shows that,in China,labor mobility exactly narrowed the urban-rural income gap,but the rapid economic development of urban expanded it,and thus the labor mobility scale and urban-rural income gap expanded at the same time.