沙芥田节肢动物群落多样性分析

摘要

To understand the arthropod community structure and diversity of Pugionium cornutum ,the arthropod community diversity in P .cornutum fields were investigated with visual method and net method from May to Au-gust of 2013.The results showed that there were 4 080 individuals belonging to 74 species in 44 families of 10 or-ders.Individuals of Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were more numerous than other orders,accounting for more than 70% of the total number;the species numbers of Hymenoptera and Diptera were the richest.The seasonal dy-namics of arthropod community and the change of diversity index indicated that the highest number of individuals and species occurred in June,and the diversity index and evenness index were high in August.By dividing these species into different functional groups,the results of diversity analysis showed that the group of natural enemies had high indices of diversity in time,while the group of pests had higher number of individuals during different growing stages.Among them,Plutella xylostella ,Phyllotreta striolata ,Myzus persicae ,Lipaphis erysimi and Brevicoryne brassicae were the main pests,and became the dominant species in the field during different periods. This study might be helpful for understanding the ecological system of P .cornutum and the integrated manage-ment of the pest.%为了解沙芥田节肢动物群落的结构组成及其多样性，于2013年5月至2013年8月采用目测法和网捕法对沙芥田节肢动物群落进行了系统研究。记录了该田节肢动物共10目44科74种，共计4080号。其中半翅目和鳞翅目个体数量较多，占个体总数的70％以上，膜翅目和双翅目的丰富度较高。沙芥田节肢动物季节动态变化和多样性指数的变化说明，6月节肢动物个体数量和物种数最多，8月多样性指数和均匀度最大。将沙芥田节肢动物划分为不同的功能集团，并对其进行了多样性分析，结果表明，天敌集团在时间上的多样性指数较高，而害虫集团的个体数量在沙芥生长期各阶段均比其他集团高。其中，小菜蛾、黄曲条跳甲、桃蚜、萝卜蚜和甘蓝蚜为沙芥田的主要害虫，并在不同时期分别成为该田的优势种。本研究对了解沙芥田生态系统以及沙芥田害虫的综合治理具有重要作用。