A solar cell testing system was built .The influences of dust on the photoelectric con‐version characteristic of monocrystalline ,polycrystalline and amorphous silicon solar cells were re‐searched .The results showed that the performance of the three kinds of silicon solar cells all became worsen with dust covering on the surfaces ,but the shape of the I‐V curves did not change .The maxi‐mum output power ,short circuit current ,open circuit voltage and conversion efficiency of the three kind solar cells decreased with increasing dust density .The short circuit current decreased rapidly , while the open circuit voltage fell slowly .The conversion efficiency decreased about 30% with 0 .1 g dust on the solar cells’ surface .The fill factor was less affected by the dust ,only the amorphous sili‐con solar cells’ fill factor varied slightly .%搭建了基于灰尘覆盖的太阳能电池特性测试系统，研究了灰尘覆盖对单晶硅、多晶硅和非晶硅3种硅太阳能电池的光电转换特性的影响．结果表明：3种硅太阳能电池的光电转换性能在灰尘均匀覆盖后均下降，但 I‐V 曲线的形状未改变．随着灰尘面密度的增大，3种太阳能电池的最大输出功率、短路电流、开路电压和转换效率指数下降，短路电流下降较快，开路电压下降缓慢，转换效率在电池覆盖0．1 g灰尘相比于未覆盖灰尘时下降了约30％；填充因子变化受灰尘影响较小，仅非晶硅太阳能电池的填充因子略有浮动．
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