单透镜望远镜及其成像参数的研究

摘要

In this paper,we have designed a simple single-lens telescope based on the problem No.3 in International Young Physicist Tournament (IYPT2017).According to theories of geometric optics and physical optics,we systematically explored the influences of aperture and focal length on the magnification of the telescope,the contrast and brightness of the image and so on.We have experimentally conducted quantitative studies by varying these parameters and elaborated analysis of data with software including Matlab and ToupView.As the experimen-tal results are consistent with our theory,a generic conclusion has been drawn.Besides,pos-sible origination of errors in the studies has been discussed and an outlook has been proposed.%本文为作者在研究第30届国际青年物理学家竞赛(IYPT2017)第3题的基础上形成,按题目要求设计用小孔光阑替代目镜,自制出简易单透镜望远镜.根据几何光学和波动光学相关理论,作者比较全面地探讨了孔径和透镜焦距等装置参数对单透镜望远镜成像放大率、清晰度和亮度等成像参数的影响.在此基础上作者通过实验对这些参数进行定量研究,借助于Matlab、ToupView 等计算机软件对实验数据进行了详细的分析.本文发现理论和实验具有良好的自洽性,从而得到了一般性结论.文末对研究中可能导致误差的因素进行了分析,并对不足之处进行了展望.