人体神经系统中的电势差和电流

摘要

电势差和电流是电学中最基本的概念.人体细胞内部和外部具有不同的电势,细胞膜两侧的电势差源于细胞内外体液中离子浓度不同;电势差在神经细胞和肌肉细胞中尤为显著.在人体的神经系统中存在着电荷的流动,使我们能够感知外部的世界.本文以人体神经系统为例,详细介绍神经系统中神经细胞产生的电势差、神经脉冲信号的传递及其物理原理.%Electric potential difference and electric current are the basic concept in the electricity.The inside and outside of a human cell are not at the same potential.The potential difference across a cell membrane is due to different concentrations of ions in the fluids inside and outside the cell.These potential differences are particularly noteworthy in nerve and muscle cells.The flow of electric charge in the human nervous system provides us with the means for being aware of the world outside.In this article,as very interesting example of the human nervous system,both the electrical potential difference in the cells of nervous system and transmission of nerve impulse will be discussed in detail.