Institute of Pharmacy Nirma University Ahmedabad 382481 India;
College of Clinical Pharmacy King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia;
Arihant School of Pharmacy&BRI Gandhinagar 382421 India;
College of Pharmacy Gulf Medical University Ajman 4184 United Arab Emirates;
College of Pharmacy Gulf Medical University Ajman 4184 United Arab EmiratesFaculty of Pharmacy University of Zagazig Zagazig 44519 Egypt;
College of Clinical Pharmacy King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Medicine Minia University El-Minia 61511 Egypt;
Tramadol; Proniosomes; Flux; Edema; Pharmacokinetics; Rats;