Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma miRNA-21 can be used as a biomarker for the detection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore its association with clinicopathologic features and platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: Plasma expression of miRNA-21 in 63 NSCLC patients and 30 healthy controls were detected by real-time RT-PCR and correlated with early diagnosis, pathologic parameters and treatment. Thirty-five patients (stages IIIB and IV) were evaluable for chemotherapy responses including partial response (CR+PR) (n=11), stable disease and progression disease (SD+PD) (n=24), and then plasma miRNA-21 were compared between (CR+PR) samples and (PD+SD) sam-ples. Results: The results of real-time RT-PCR revealed that plasma miRNA-21 levels were significantly elevated in NSCLC patients relative to age and sex-matched control individuals (P0.05), except with the TNM stage (P0.05）。但与TNM分期具有显著相关性（P<0.05）。血浆miRNA-21在ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.775（95% CI：0.681~0.868），灵敏度和特异性分别为76.19%和70.0%。铂类药物化疗（PD+SD）组血浆miRNA-21表达水平较（CR+PR）组增高，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.0487）。结论：血浆miRNA-21是NSCLC诊断的特异性标志之一，并对铂类联合化疗的疗效具有良好的评判价值。
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