1-Butyl-3-methyl imidazolium dibutyl phosphate ([ Bmim] DBP) ionic liquid was synthesized by direct reaction of tributylphosphate with methylimidazole. The obtained product was characterized by means of FTIR and TG. The results showed that the synthesized ionic liquid was good in thermal stability. Esterification of acetic acid with n-butanol was studied over the ionic liquid catalyst. Effects of mole ratio of n-butanol to acetic acid, reaction temperature, reaction time and the ionic liquid dosage on the acetic acid conversion were investigated. Under the following reactionconditions; n( n-butanol): n(acetic acid) =3.0, [Bmim]DBP catalyst dosage 8% (based on the total reactant mass), reaction temperature 115 ℃ and reaction time 2. 0 h, the acetic acid conversion reached 90.3%. The ionic liquid could be separated easily from the esterification products. It could be used repeatedly more than 6 times and the acetic acid conversion did not decrease remarkably. In addition, the ionic liquid could catalyze other esterification reactions also.%以磷酸三丁酯和1 -甲基咪唑为原料采用一步法合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯离子液体.利用FTIR和TG方法对该离子液体的结构和热稳定性进行了表征.表征结果表明,该离子液体具有较好的热稳定性.以乙酸正丁酯的合成反应为探针考察了该离子液体对酯化反应的催化活性,考察了反应条件对酯化反应的影响,得到了适宜的反应条件.在正丁醇与乙酸摩尔比3.0、催化剂用量占反应物总质量的8％、反应温度115℃、反应时间2.0h的条件下,乙酸转化率为90.3％,反应后产物与催化剂自动分相.该离子液体重复使用6次后乙酸转化率变化不大,且该离子液体对于其他酯化反应也具有一定的催化活性.
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