ASME规范中碳钢和低合金钢材料冲击试验规定的探讨

摘要

为防止低温脆性断裂发生,一般通过冲击试验检测材料韧性,而冲击试验在压力容器建造中所占成本较高.对于何种条件下必须进行冲击试验,何种条件下可以免除冲击试验,ASME规范制定了详细的规则.国内很多设计人员在使用ASME规范时,往往概念不清,容易造成误用.文章通过全面梳理2017版ASME规范中有关碳钢和低合金钢材料和零部件冲击试验的要求,建立了一套判断材料和零部件是否需要或免除冲击试验的流程,以帮助工程设计人员全面了解这些规定.%To prevent the occurrence of low temperature brittle fracture, impact test is generally adopted to check the material toughness, but the cost of impact test occupies a large percentage of manufacture cost of pressure vessel.ASME code gives detailed rules on the conditions under which impact test is mandatory or exempt.However, unclear understanding of concepts and misapplication of ASME code often happens to engineering designers in China.This paper thoroughly sums up the requirements of impact test for carbon steel and low-alloy steel materials and parts in the 2015 edition of ASME code, and provides a flow chart for judging whether a material or component can be exempt from impact test or not so as to help engineering designers to fully understand these specifications.