主轴转速和温升对主轴动态误差影响的测试∗

摘要

The importance of spindle′s dynamic errors test, the type of spindle's dynamic errors and its influ-ence to machining are analyzed. Spindle's dynamic errors, including radial synchronization error and asyn-chronous, axial synchronization error and asynchronous, spindle minimum radial spacing, are tested on a vertical machining center and the test results are presented. The test includes two parts:warming-up dynam-ic errors and cooling down dynamic errors. The results are analyzed including the influence of rotating speed and temperature rise to dynamic errors. Finally, cutting experiment is done on the machining center using end milling cutter. The experiment result shows that the roundness errors of warming-up static and cooling down static difference little.%文章分析了主轴动态误差测试的重要性，以及主轴动态误差的具体类型及其对加工的影响。在某立式加工中心上对主轴各项动态误差(包括径向同步误差和异步误差、轴向同步误差和异步误差以及主轴最小径向间距)进行了测试并给出了测试数据。测试分为两部分：冷态下的主轴各项动态误差测试和热态下的主轴各项动态误差测试。对测试结果进行了分析，包括主轴转速和温升对动态误差的影响。最后，在加工中心上采用立铣刀对铝料进行了圆铣槽，结果表明，主轴在冷态和热态情况下的圆度误差区别不大。