细胞色素P450在人参皂苷生物合成途径中的研究进展

摘要

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450s), a superfamily of monooxygenase, plays critical roles in biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites ( e.g. Triterpenes, alkaloids, sterols). The specific CYP450s are involved in the reactions of oxidation and hydroxylation in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Several candidate CYP450s that might be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis have been discovered by the next generation sequencing technology and bioinformatic analysis in previous studies. Furthermore, the molecular function of a candidate CYP450 (CYP716A47) has been identified, which promotes the study of ginsenoside biosynthesis greatly. Identification of CYP450s will be a promising way to produce ginsenosides using genetic engineering. This article summarized ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway briefly and reviewed recent advances of the function of CYP450s related to ginsenosides biosynthesis. These progresses will provide a foundation for exploring the mechanism of ginsenoside biosynthesis.%细胞色素P450(CYP450)是一类超基因家族编码的单加氧酶,参与萜类、生物碱和甾醇类等多种次生代谢产物的合成与代谢.CYP450对人参皂苷三萜碳环骨架进行羟基化和氧化等一系列复杂修饰作用,是人参皂苷生物合成途径中的关键酶.近年来利用新一代测序技术及生物信息学分析等方法,从CYP450家族中筛选出参与人参皂苷生物合成的相关CYP450s,并对候选基因(CYP716A47)进行了生物功能验证,进一步阐明了人参皂苷合成途径.本文对人参皂苷生物合成途径做简要介绍,并对近年来CYP450在人参皂苷生物合成途径中的研究进行综述,为阐明人参皂苷合成途径及通过基因工程手段合成人参皂苷提供理论依据.