唐山马兰庄铁矿露天开采边坡变形监测的GB-InSAR技术

摘要

高精度实时变形监测是露天矿边坡安全监测的重要思路.与常规的测量方式相比,地基差分干涉雷达(Ground-based differential interferometric radar,GB-InSAR)具有全天候、非接触、高精度、宽角度、实时监测等优点,适合于对露天矿危险边坡进行监测,是目前露天矿边坡安全监测的主要技术装备.马兰庄铁矿露天矿区边坡为典型岩质边坡,边坡标高落差大,边坡较陡(边坡角为38°~47°),采场存在雾霾、粉尘,能见度较小.为确保该矿边坡稳定,确保矿区安全生产,在详细分析GB-InSAR技术原理、系统组成及工作流程的基础上,将其应用于该矿露天矿区边坡稳定性实时监测中.在露天矿区东坡监测出一90 m×40 m椭圆形变形区域,该区底部的变形量和变形速率均大于顶部,11 d(2016年12月10日—2016年12月20日)的最大变形量累计达到-270 mm,部分点位的变形速率稳定于-1 mm/h.根据监测结果,及时对该变形区域进行了边坡处理,有效避免了灾害发生.研究表明:采用GB-InSAR对露天矿区边坡稳定性进行实时监测,可以达到边坡灾害预警的目的,对于确保矿区边坡稳定具有重要作用.%High precision and real-time deformation monitoring is the important ideals of the safety monitoring of open-pit slope.Compared with the conventional monitoring methods,the ground-based differ-ential interferometer radar(GB-InSAR)is characterized by all-weather,non-contact,high precision,wide angle and real-time monitoring,it is very suitable for the stability monitoring of the dangerous slope of open-pit mine,it becomes the main technical equipment of the safety monitoring of open-pit slope.The open-pit slope of Malanzhuang Iron Mine is belongs to the typical rock slope,it is characterized by large elevation difference and large slope angle(38°~47°),besides that,haze and dust existed seriously in the open-pit stope.The existence of the above factors caused the deformation monitoring of the open-pit slope of the mine is very difficult.In order to ensure the stability of the open-pit slope and guarantee the safety mining of the mine,based on analyzing the technical principal,system composition and working flow of GB-InSAR,it is applied to monitor the deformation of open-pit slope of the mine in real time.The monitoring results show that the elliptic deformation area(90 m×40 m)is found in the east of the open-pit slope, the deformation value and deformation rate of the bottom of the area are larger than the ones of the top of the area,the accumulated maximum deformation value is -270 mm during 1 1 days(from December 1 0 to December 20,201 6),deformation rate of the part of monitoring points is -1 mm/h.According to the a-bove monitoring results,the deformation area is processed,therefore,the slope safety hazards of the area is eliminated effectively.The study results indicated that the goal slope hazards warning of open-pit mine can be realized by adopting GB-InSAR,the important role of ensuring the safety of open-pit slope can be taken based on GB-InSAR.