GNSS 接收机伪距测量中的多径效应试验分析

摘要

多径效应是影响 GNSS 接收机观测数据质量的主要因素之一，会导致 GNSS 接收机测量精度降低.为研究和掌握 GNSS 接收机伪距测量中的多径效应特性，通过试验分析 GNSS 接收机采用扼流圈天线和大口径抛物面天线条件下的多径效应，城区和郊区环境条件下的多径效应，以及 GNSS 接收机不同跟踪环路参数条件下的多径效应.试验分析结果表明：多径效应对 GNSS 接收机观测数据的影响与信号特性、卫星种类、接收机通道设计及天线安装环境等各种因素相关.GNSS接收机采取三方面措施抑制多径误差，抗多径天线、基带信号处理以及数据后处理，但消除多径误差最有效的措施是先进的信号体制设计和良好的天线安装场站选择.%Multipath effect is one of prime error factors which influences the quality of GNSS receiver′s measurement data and results in the reduction of pseudo⁃range measurement precision. In order to study and master the characteristics of multipath effects in pseudo⁃range measurement of GNSS receiver,the paper analyzes the multipath effect resulting from GNSS receiver with choke ring and paraboloid antenna,the multipath effect in the urban and suburban areas as well as the multipath effect due to different DLL parameters of GNSS receiver through several experiments. The experiment results show that the magnitude of GNSS receiver′s multipath error is related to many factors,such as the signal characteristics,orbit of satellite,channel of re⁃ceiver and the environment in which the antenna is installed. Three methods are adopted to eliminate the GNSS receiver′s mul⁃tipath errors,which are anti ⁃ multipath antenna,baseband signal processing technology and data post ⁃ processing technology. However,it is the most effective method for eliminating multipath errors to design advanced navigation signal and select suitable antenna installation field.