学习和技术联姻：技术的价值是什么*--访佛罗里达州立大学教授罗伯特·瑞泽博士

摘要

In this interview with Dr. Reiser, he shared with us his distinctive points of view on a series of questions. He suggested that we should design supporting tools as scaffold to support quality learning. It's the content that we present via the media that's the key element. Technology is a means via which we present them. He thought the informal learning would become a more and more important part with the development of technology. One of the things we need to do is to make learners more cognizant about critically judging the quality of the information they receive. Dr. Reiser suggested that we could use good instructional design practices to improve formal learning, and think about how to use various technologies to support informal learning. He stated that the best way to teach instructional design course was to have the students work with real clients to solve real world problems. In this way, students were actually practicing instructional design in a sort of real world settings. In his opinion, performance improvement is a very important trend in our field, and we need emphasize the process of performance analysis and cause analysis. We have to teach all instructional designers to carefully analyze the cause of the problem and to carefully performance analysis. At last, he predicted that online learning would continue to grow, the flipped classroom would become more and more prominent, and OER would put a higher demand for the instructional design.%罗伯特·瑞泽教授在专访中对一系列问题提出鲜明观点。关于优质教育：需要设计出“脚手架”作为支持工具来帮助学习。重要的不是技术，而是利用技术所呈现的内容。教学设计出来的讯息质量至关重要，但对讯息质量并没有给予足够重视。关于非正式学习：随着技术的发展，非正式学习的机会将越来越多。首先需要让学生知道在非正式学习中如何批判地对所接收信息的质量进行判断。关于教学设计：提高教学设计效果的一个办法是让学习环境中的因素更接近于现实生活。按照建构主义进行的教学设计太过低效，容易导致失败。关于绩效改进：绩效改进强调人在教育技术和教学设计中的重要性，超越了传统学习的概念。教学设计师进行绩效改进时，需要拥有专门知识，需要意识到并不是每个问题都需要一个教学性的解决方案。关于教师的信息技术能力：这种能力不仅仅是操作和使用电子设备的能力，更重要的是让信息技术发挥出最佳的教学功能。关于信息化教学发展趋势：在线课程会继续发展，翻转课堂会更加盛行，开放教育资源会更加重视对教学设计的需要。