基准剂量法在长期暴露毒性评价中的研究进展

摘要

The purpose of risk assessment is to evaluate the permissible exposure level under specific risk factors.To extrapolate the human acceptable daily intake (ADI) and/or reference dose (RfD), the traditional method uses the no-observed-adverse-effect level ( NOAEL ) to quantify toxicity after being divided by uncertainty factor.There are many limitations with NOAEL method in safety evaluation,for it relies too much on experimental design.Benchmark dose ( BMD) approach is a more reliable method with many advantages.BMD approach and its analysis software, the advantages of BMD over NOAEL, the application and methodological perfection in risk assessment of long-team exposure toxicity are presented in this review.%风险评估是为了评价特定危害因素下的人群暴露水平。传统毒性分析方法常采用未观察到有害作用剂量（ NOAEL）对毒性结果进行定量，除以不确定系数，以外推得到人群的安全摄入水平（ ADI）和参考剂量（ RfD）。多年实践证明，NOAEL法过多依赖实验设计，在安全性评价应用中存在诸多局限性。基准剂量（ BMD）法是一种新的确定RfD的方法，具有诸多优点，能更科学地进行风险评估。该文综述了BMD法原理及分析软件、与NOAEL相比的优点、在长期暴露毒性实验中应用及方法完善等的研究进展，为后期在长期暴露毒性实验及其他化合物风险评估中的应用提供相关参考。