It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region. Through the test of sweet corn straw directly returning to the field after 6 seasons for 3 years, the results showed that continuous single application of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the stability of soil fertility and yield improvement, and implementation of straw returning could receive fertility, improve soil acidic conditions, and enhance the yield of sweet corn. Compared with before the test, the single application of chemical fertilizer increased soil available phosphorus, while the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 1 .0 8 ,1 .1 8 and 2 .47 m g/kg respectively, and the soil pH decreased by 0.15. Under the same fertilizer conditions, organic matter contents of single and double-season straw returning increased by 0.71 and 1.29 g /k g , available nitrogen increased by 17.15 and 28.27 m g /k g ,available phosphorus increased by 0.96 and 1.73 m g/kg, available potassium increased by 2.41 and 5.92 m g/kg, the soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.2. Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer, the average yields of single and double-season straw returning increased by7 .5% and 11.8 % , and their average income increased by 87.3 and 117.1 yuan of per mu (667 m2) respectively.
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