基于三维激光扫描技术的矿区建筑物变形监测方法

摘要

The traditional deformation monitoring methods have some defects such as heavy workload,hard to protect the monitoring points and longtime monitoring,etc..Compared with the traditional monitoring methods,3D laser scanning technique is characterized by non-contact,high density,high precision,large amount of information,fast acquisition of 3D coordinate and so on.Based on the similar material model test,the deformation monitoring flow of the buildings in mining area is proposed by adopting 3D laser scanning technique.Firstly,the 2D similar material model is scanned by using full-station 3D laser scanner in five different mining periods,the point clouds data is pre-processed by using the post-processing software,so as to extract the 3D coordinates of the targets with black and white colors(deformation monitoring points);then,through programming by MAT-LAB language,the automatic conversion of monitoring points from assumed coordinated to target coordinate is realized,so as to improve the processing efficiency of point clouds data;finally,according to the deformation monitoring flow summarized from the above similar material model test,the deformation monitoring work of the water tower of a mining area is done.The study results show that:the maximum error of the deformation monitoring data obtained by 3D laser scanning technique and total station in-strument is 1.8 mm,which is lower than the allowable precision(10 mm) of deformation monitoring.Therefore,it is feasible to use 3D laser scanning technique to monitor the deformation information of the buildings in mining area.%传统变形监测方法存在工作量大、监测点难以保护、监测时间长等不足,与传统监测方法相比,三维激光扫描技术具有非接触、高密度、高精度、信息量大、快速获取物体表面三维空间坐标等优点.结合相似材料模型试验,提出了基于三维激光扫描技术的矿区建筑物变形监测思路.首先采用全站式三维激光扫描仪分别对二维相似材料模型在5个不同开采时段进行整体扫描,将扫描数据通过点云数据后处理软件进行预处理,从中提取模型上黑白靶标即变形监测点的三维坐标;然后结合MATLAB语言编程,实现监测点由假定坐标到目标坐标的自动化转换,提高点云数据处理效率;最后根据试验得出的变形监测思路,对某矿区水塔进行了变形监测,并与全站仪的监测数据进行了对比分析.研究表明:采用三维激光扫描技术获取的水塔变形监测数据与全站仪获取的监测数据的最大误差仅为1.8 mm,远小于沉降变形监测10 mm的精度要求,可见对矿区建筑物采用三维激光扫描技术进行变形监测具有可行性.