Objective To investigate the change of uterine size in ovarian aging in women living in a Bei-jing community.Methods A total of 418 healthy women aged 30 to 68 years who could be staged by STRAW +10 staging system were recruited from a Beijing community and prospectively followed up for 5 years.Menstrual dairy was recorded daily by every woman during the research .Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed for measure-ment of uterine size at baseline and each year during the 5 years.Serum estradiol ( E2 ) was tested as well . Results At baseline, various diameters and volume of uterus began to shrink significantly since the early post -menopausal stage+1a and shrank further at stage +1c (P<0.05), while not changed much at late post-meno-pausal stage .The thickness of endometrium decreased from stage +1a ( P<0.05 ) and showed no significant change after that (P>0.05).E2 in menopausal transition and the first 2 years after menopause had a large varia-tion that no significant difference was found comparing with reproductive stage ( P>0.05 ) .E2 level decreased significantly at stage +1c (P<0.05) and kept at a low level at late postmenopausal stage , with no statistically significant difference compared with stage +1c (P>0.05).For women still at the same STRAW +10 stages after 5-year’s follow-up, there was only decline in some diameters at early and late postmenopausal stages and no obvi -ous change in endometrial thickness .E2 level only decreased in the late postmenopausal stage ( P<0.01 ) .For women with stage progress after 5-year’s follow-up, each line diameter and volume of the uterus changed signifi-cantly during transition to early postmenopausal stage +1a/+1b, or from menopausal transition stage to ensuing stages .Change in endometrial thickness was only found in those transformed since menopausal transition stage . E2 level changed mainly after menopausal transition stage .Uterine fibroids increased significantly during the transi-tion from the reproductive stage to the menopausal transition stage ( P<0.01) and began to shrink after menopause but with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).The decline in uterine volume in women with uterine fi-broid was mainly observed at early postmenopausal stage , with no obvious change afterwards .Conclusions Uter-ine size, endometrial thickness , and E2 level do not change in synchronization .Uterine size shrinks during a rather long time since menopause , endometrial thickness begins to reduce mainly in the early stage after meno-pause .E2 in menopausal transition and the first 2 years after menopause has a big variation which does not de-crease obviously until 2 years after menopause .%目的：了解北京社区女性在生殖衰老过程中子宫大小的变化。方法对北京市某社区418名年龄30～68岁、符合STRAW＋10分期标准的健康女性，前瞻性随访5年。随访期间每天记录月经日记，每年做一次盆腔超声检查以测量子宫大小，并进行血清雌二醇（estradiol， E2）水平测定。结果基线时，绝经后期早期＋1a阶段起子宫各径线和体积开始缩小，＋1c阶段继续缩小（P＜0.05），绝经后期晚期无明显变化；子宫内膜厚度从绝经后期早期＋1a阶段开始变薄（P＜0.05），此后并无明显变化； E2在绝经过渡期和绝经后2年内变异度较大，与生育期相比，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05），从＋1c阶段才开始明显下降（P＜0.05），绝经后期晚期虽有下降，但与＋1c 阶段比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。经过5年随访分期未改变者，子宫仅部分径线在绝经后期早期＋1c阶段和绝经后期晚期缩小（P＜0.05），子宫内膜厚度均无明显变化， E2仅在绝经后期晚期进一步降低（P＜0.01），余无明显变化。经过5年随访分期发生改变者，子宫各径线和体积的显著变化发生于从各期转换至绝经后期早期＋1a／＋1b阶段，或者从绝经过渡期转换至后续各阶段中；内膜厚度的明显变化仅见于从绝经过渡期转换至后续阶段者； E2变化主要见于从绝经过渡期起的后续各阶段转换。子宫肌瘤从生育期转换到绝经过渡期有所增大（ P＜0.01），从绝经后期开始缩小，但差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。有子宫肌瘤者子宫体积的缩小主要发生于绝经后期早期，此后无明显变化。结论子宫大小、子宫内膜厚度及E2的变化并不完全同步。子宫大小从绝经开始逐渐缩小，变化时间较长；子宫内膜厚度变薄主要发生在绝经后的起始阶段； E2在绝经过渡期和绝经2年内变异度较大，直至绝经2年后才明显降低。
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