采用矢量网络分析仪测试了Fe-Co合金/石蜡和中空碳纤维/石蜡复合材料的微波电磁参数,并用电磁参数模拟计算了单层吸波材料的反射率.根据电磁波在损耗媒质中的传播规律,分析了2种吸波材料的吸收机理以及本征阻抗和衰减特性对吸波性能的影响.结果表明,Fe-Co合金吸波材料为吸收损耗型吸泼材料,阻抗越大、衰减越强,吸波性能越好;而中空碳纤维吸波材料则是干涉型吸波材料,需要适当大小的阻抗和衰减才能满足强吸收的条件,且吸收带宽相对较窄.%The complex permittivity and permeability of composites made from Fe-Co alloys and hollow carbon fibers embedded in paraffin matrix separately are measured by voter network analyzer and the reflectivity is calculated within 2～18GHz. The absorption mechanisms of two kinds of absorbing materials are studied based on the electromagnetic wave propagation laws in lossy medium. The results show that these two kinds of absorbers have different loss mechanisms. The former profits from the strong attenuation and excellent impedance matching, the other is the consequence of geometrical effect. And the former has a better absorption bandwidth than the latter.
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