金属材料表面自身纳米化研究进展

摘要

Surface modifications are investigated on pure metals, low carbon steels and other alloy materials by means of surface self-nanocrystallization. Extensive researches in recent years have been done on this field. Compared with other metallic materials surface modifications, the surface self-nanocrystallization has special technological advan-tages.The reasearch and development on the metallic materials surface self-nanocrystallization are summarized in this article, including organizational structure features, mechanism of organizational structure, mechanical property, diffu-sion behavior of elements and corrosion property, etc. Different stacking fault energy leads to different formation me-chanism ofthe surface nanocrystallization. The formation of nanocrystalline surface can effectively improve the atomic diffusion behavior,increases hardness,strength,abrasion and fatigue performance of metallic materials.%近年来采用表面自身纳米化技术时纯金属、低碳钢及其他合金进行表面改性已得到广泛而深入的研究.相对于其他金属材料的表面改性技术,表面自身纳米化具有特定的技术优势.简要综述了金属材料表面自身纳米化技术的组织结构特征、组织演变机理、力学性能、元素扩散行为、腐蚀性能等.层错能的不同导致了不同表面纳米化形成机制,表面纳米晶的形成能有效改善原子的扩散行为,提高金属的硬度、强度、耐摩擦和疲劳性能.