离子液体在萃取分离中的应用进展

摘要

作为环境友好型功能材料——离子液体以其独特的物理化学性质已引起人们的广泛关注.离子液体在萃取分离有机物、无机金属离子领域的应用越来越多.概述了离子液体在萃取分离中的应用.总结了离子液体的萃取机理,介绍了离子液体的结构如阴、阳离子的类型对萃取效率的影响规律,讨论了静电作用、疏水作用、氢键等作用力在萃取分离过程中所扮演的角色.最后展望了离子液体在萃取分离领域的发展方向.%Ionic liquids(Ils) , as environmentally friendly solvents, have attracted wide attention due to their unique characteristics. The applications of Ils in extraction and separation increase remarkably. Therefore, the recent advances of the applications of Ils in extraction and separation field are reviewed. The extraction mechanism in Ils system is also summarized. The effect of the structures of Ils such as types of cations and anions and the roles of elec trostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions in extraction processes are introduced. Finally, the pros pects of Ils in separation field are pointed out.