树枝状聚合物用于模拟生物矿化的研究

摘要

生物矿化是自然界中普遍存在的现象,有机物尤其是蛋白质在生物矿化过程中发挥至关重要的作用.树枝状聚合物由于其独特的分子结构和易于改性的表面基团,在一定程度上可以模拟蛋白质的结构和功能,适用于模拟生物体系诱导或调控矿化的成核和结晶过程.综述了近年来国内外树枝状聚合物及其衍生物用于模拟生物矿化的研究,详细介绍了聚酰胺-胺型树枝状聚合物和聚丙烯酰亚胺型树枝状聚合物,总结了树枝状聚合物调控或诱导各种矿物结晶的机理.树枝状聚合物的代数、浓度、表面所带基团及其与金属离子作用时间等因素都会影响结晶过程,从而得到不同形貌的晶体,但具体的机理研究仍不深入.%Organics, especially proteins play a crucial role in biomineralization. Dendrimers have unique molecular structures and their exterior groups can be easily modified, which makes them “artificial proteins” and good candidates to mimick nucleation and crystallization process of mineralization induced or meditated by biological system. The researches of dendrimers and their derivatives applied in mimicking biomineralization are reviewed. The crystallization process can be affected by many factors such as the generation, concentration; terminal groups of dendrimer, thus different morphology of the crystals could be obtained. However, the mechanisms of the above effects are still under research.