空心微珠的制备方法及其应用研究现状

摘要

空心微珠是一类内核为空气或其他气体的具有特殊结构的核壳粒子,与其块体材料相比,具有较大的比表面、较小的密度以及特殊的力学、光、电等物理性质和应用价值,自20世纪70年代以来发展迅速.主要介绍了目前空心微珠的制备方法(模板法、溶胶-凝胶法、聚合法等),评述了这些制备方法在工艺流程、精细控制等方面的特点,综述了空心微珠在国内外的应用研究现状,着重介绍了一种制备空心微珠的新方法——自反应淬熄法,并介绍了该方法制备的空心微珠作为吸波材料的应用研究现状,最后展望了空心微珠未来的研究前景.%Hollow microsphere is a kind of special nucleocapsid whose inner-core is full of air or other sorts of gas. Compared with its massive material, hollow microsphere has great specific surface, small density, peculiar physical properties (mechanics, optics, electricity,etc) and application value,and has been developing rapidly since 1970s. Presents the preparation methods (formwork process, sol-gel process, polymerization process, etc) of hollow micro-sphere, and makes comments on the properties of these methods in the aspects of technological process, fine control and so on. Besides, it sums up the current study of hollow microsphere's applications at home and abroad. A new kind of preparation method—self-reactive quenching technology is introduced, so does the application study of hollow microsphere as a new wave-absorbing material. In addition, the future research of hollow microsphere is mentioned.