四脚状氧化锌晶须的研究现状及展望

摘要

Tetra-needle like ZnO whisker (T-ZnOw) has the unique three dimensional structure and its needle has the single crystal property, it has the great potential applications in many areas like wear resisting, jounce reducing, microwave absorbing and so on. The crystal structure, and the vapour-solid(VS) and vapour-liquid-solid(VLS) growth mechanism of T-ZnOw are expounded; Some of the mainly preparation methods are summarized, such as pre-treat oxygenating method, steam oxygenating method, equilibrium gas expanding method, vacuum preparing method and electrochemical depositing method; Its properties and applications in enhancing the compositing material, resisting electrostatic, resisting bacillus and absorbing microwaves are introduced; The T-ZnOw study aspect in the future are also summarized and prospected.%四脚状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)是目前发现的具有独特空间三维结构的晶须,并且其针部具有单晶性,由于其独特的晶体结构使得它在耐磨、减震、吸波等各个方面有着广阔的应用前景.阐述了T-ZnOw的晶体结构,介绍了氧化锌晶须的气-固(VS)和气液-固(VLS)生长机理,总结了其主要制备方法,如预处理氧化法、蒸气氧化法、平衡气量法、真空制备法和电化学沉积法等,并介绍了它的性能及其在增强复合材料、抗静电、抗菌和吸波方面的应用,总结展望了今后的研究方向.