Refractories are heterogeneous ceramic materials, which in most cases contain flaws such as cracks, pores during the molding or sintering process. Theoretically increasing surface fracture energy or decreasing the fracture strength of refractories is an approach to improve their thermal shock resistance. By now, a number of reports suggest that the thermal shock resistance of refractories has a great correlation with the interface structure between aggregates and matrix. Designing and tailoring the interface structure in the meso-scale have attracted a lot of attentions in the refractory field. It is shown that micromechanics combined with finite element method can indicate the relations between meso-structure and macro-mechanical properties directly and effectively. The fruitful results in composites especially in concretes can provide new ideas to the application of micromechanics in the refractories, which will promote the development of integrated research method based on structures and properties of refractories.%耐火材料是一种典型的多相非均质材料,在成型或烧成等工艺过程中不可避免地形成裂纹、气孔等缺陷,理论上提高表面断裂能或降低抗张强度是提高材料抗热震稳定性的有效途径.现有研究表明,耐火材料的抗热震稳定性很大程度上和骨料与基质之间的界面结构相互关联,在细观尺度上对材料界面结构进行设计和裁剪,已成 为当前耐火材料研究的一个新趋势.细观力学结合有限元的材料设计方法能直现有效地揭示材料内部细观结构与宏观力学性能之间的关系,在复合材料尤其是混凝土领域的研究已相当深入,可为细观力学在耐火材料中的应用提供思路,促进耐火材料结构与性能一体化的研究发展.
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