石墨烯的研究进展

摘要

As an allotrope of carbon, graphene has become a research hotspot due to its unique two-dimensional structure and excellent mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties. Synthesis of graphene via different approaches, such as micro mechanical stripping, chemical stripping, chemical synthesis, epitaxial growth, arc discharge, and chemical vapor deposition, are discussed in detail, and strategics for producing homogeneous graphene with improved yield and structural stability while limiting its pollution are proposed. Also application progress of gre-phene in polymer composites, micro electronics, optics, energy and biomedicine are summarized, and the main research direction and development trend are imagined.%石墨烯是碳的又一同素异形体,具有独特的二维结构和优异的力学、电学、光学、热学等性能,成为富勒烯和碳纳米管之后的又一研究热点.全面综述了近几年来石墨烯的制备方法,详细讨论了微机械剥离法、化学剥离法、化学合成法、外延生长法、电弧法、化学气相沉积法的优缺点,并针对制备方法存在的产量低、结构不稳定、高污染等问题,提出了一些大规模可控制备高质量石墨烯的建议.还结合石墨烯的结构和特性,概括了石墨烯在复合材料、微电子、光学、能源、生物医学等领域的应用进展,并展望了其主要研究方向和发展趋势.