室温磁制冷材料的研究现状及发展前景∗

摘要

制冷业耗能占社会总耗能的15%以上。目前普遍使用的气体压缩制冷技术的卡诺循环效率最高仅为25%左右，而且气体压缩制冷中使用的气体制冷剂会破坏大气臭氧层并引起温室效应。探求无污染、绿色环保的制冷材料和研发新型低能耗、高效率的制冷技术是当今世界需要迫切解决的问题。磁制冷技术具有绿色环保、高效节能、稳定可靠的特点，近些年来已经引起世界范围的广泛关注。具有磁热效应的材料是磁制冷技术的关键。重点综述了当今室温磁热材料的研究现状。为了使该项技术走向工业化和实用化的道路，提出改进并优化磁制冷工质的性能是未来的研究方向。%Refrigeration industry accounts for above 1 5% of total energy consumption of society.The maximal efficiency of the gas compression refrigeration technology used widely now is only 25% for the Carnot cycle.Moreo-ver,fluoride generated during gas compression refrigeration can be harmful to the environment and facilitate green-house effect.Therefore,exploring the non-pollution refrigeration technology with low energy cost is the main task for the world.The magnetic refrigeration technology has received lots of attention due to its environmental protection, high efficiency,energy saving,stability and reliability.The materials with magetocaloric effects are the key for the magnetic refrigeration technology.This paper elaborates the research status of room-temperature refrigeration mate-rials.Aiming at the industrialization and practicalization of this technology,the improvement and optimization of the performance of magetocaloric materials shall be the research prospect in future.