纳米碳材料摩擦学应用的最新进展和未来展望

摘要

近年来随着富勒烯(C60)、纳米金刚石(Nano diamond)、碳纳米管(Carbon nanotube,CNT)、石墨烯(Graphene)等的相继发现和相关制备技术的成熟,纳米碳材料作为润滑材料的研究已经取得了很大的进步.首先介绍了纳米碳材料的分类及其制备方法.其次以C60、纳米金刚石、碳纳米管以及石墨烯为研究对象,系统介绍了它们作为润滑油添加剂、固体润滑薄膜和润滑填料的研究进展,阐述了C60等纳米碳材料的减摩抗磨机制.最后,指出了C60等纳米碳材料作为润滑材料仍需解决的关键问题,并展望了它们在未来摩擦学应用方面的发展趋势.%In recent years,the discover of nano-carbon materials (such as fullerene,nanodiamonds,carbon nanotubes,graphene etc.) and the improvement of their preparation techniques have brought great advance for applying those novel nanomaterials in lubrication field.This review introduces the classification and preparation methods of nano-carbon materials,summarizes the research progress in utilizing fullerene,nanodiamonds,carbon nanotubes and graphene to fabricate lubricating additives,solid lubricating films and lubricating fillers,as well as the anti-friction mechanisms.Finally,it ends in some key issues for nano-carbon materials while serving as lubricating materials,and a prospect over the future development trends.