导热铝合金及铝基复合材料的研究进展

摘要

With the advantages of low density,high strength,high electrical/thermal conductivity and ease of processing,alu-minum alloys have gained extensive application to automotive,electronics and communication industries by serving as the structural and thermal-dissipation material.However,the thermal-dissipation ability of the metallic materials which mainly consist of aluminum confront severe challenges from the swift development of equipment toward integration,miniaturization,light weight and high po-wer.This paper reviews the research and development status of the aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites for thermal dissipation,provides elaborate descriptions about the thermal conductive mechanism of aluminum alloys,and the effects of alloy composition and processing technique on the product's thermal conductivity,and moreover,analyzes the thermal characteristics of a-luminum matrix composites such as Al-Si,Al-SiC,Al-diamond,Al-graphite flake/carbon nanotube,etc.Finally,we briefly summa-rize the unresolved issues and future development directions for this species of crucial materials for industry.%铝合金具有密度小、强度高、导电导热性好及加工简单等优点,基于这些综合性能的优势,其作为结构和散热材料广泛应用于汽车、电子及通讯等领域.然而随着系统及设备向着集成化、小型化、轻量化及高功率等方向发展,以铝为主体的金属材料的散热面临着严峻挑战.本文综述了国内外高导热铝合金及铝基复合材料的研究与开发现状,阐述了铝合金的导热机理以及合金成分和加工工艺等对铝合金导热性能的影响规律,分析了高硅铝、铝-碳化硅、铝-金刚石、铝-石墨片/碳纳米管等系列铝基复合材料的导热特性,展望了高导热铝合金及铝基复合材料研究存在的问题及未来的发展方向.