常压干燥制备SiO2气凝胶复合材料研究进展

摘要

SiO2气凝胶复合材料具有低密度、低热导、高强度等优异性能,已在航空航天、石油化工、建筑保温等领域获得较好应用.然而现有成熟的超临界干燥制备 SiO2气凝胶复合材料工艺需要维持高温、高压条件,能耗高、危险性大且设备复杂,常压干燥制备工艺由于所需条件温和、设备简单,有望实现连续性规模化生产.本文结合国内外关于常压干燥制备 SiO2气凝胶复合材料的研究进展,按照颗粒、纤维等增强相的不同,对常压干燥制备 SiO2气凝胶复合材料进行综述并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.%Owing to low density,low thermal conductivity and high strength,SiO2aerogel composite has been widely used in aerospace,chemical industry and building insulation.Silica aerogel composites conventionally make by supercritical drying process which is complicated,hazardous and uneconomical and the harsh condition impose restriction on the commercial exploitations of silica aerogel composites.Ambient pressure drying technology which can synthesize silica aerogel composites under mild condition and sim-ple equipment is a promising method to promote the production of silica aerogel composites on a large scale.In the paper,according to different reinforce phases of particle and fibers,reviewed SiO2aerogel composites via ambient pressure drying and the future develop-ment direction of SiO2aerogel composites.